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Extraction Technologies for Bioactive compounds from fish waste: Comparative Assessment and Sustainable Commercialization Strategies | ||
| SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH: Technology Development and Assessment | ||
| دوره 1، شماره 1، تیر 2026 اصل مقاله (1.25 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Review | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22098/sr.2026.18758.1043 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh* 1؛ Fatemeh Ghannadiasl2؛ Zahra Atakeshizade3 | ||
| 1MSc Student, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| 3PHD Student, Department of Agricultural Mechanization Engineering University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| With the rapid and continuous growth of the global population, the demand for reliable and sustainable food resources has risen dramatically. This inevitable trend has naturally resulted in higher consumption and greater volumes of food waste. Due to their highly perishable nature, food waste presents significant environmental challenges, making proper management a pressing concern for governments, industries, and communities. In recent years, increased fish consumption has intensified these issues, as processing generates substantial waste. The byproducts generated from fish processing, including components such as the head, skin, bones, scales, and internal organs, are often discarded as waste. Inadequate management of this waste can lead to significant environmental challenges, such as water and soil contamination, as well as the emission of noxious gases. This waste possesses has considerable potential, harboring valuable materials that can be repurposed in various applications. While a portion of this waste is used as animal feed, much is discarded into the sea or landfills, contributing to pollution and ecosystem degradation in both developed and developing countries. Materials and Methods: Fish waste, beyond being an environmental burden, is a rich source of nutrients and valuable compounds. This review systematically and critically analyzes extraction technologies and their applications, with the central question “What are the most efficient and economical strategies for adding value to fish waste towards commercialization?”. We compare modern (supercritical fluid extraction, microwave, and ultrasound) and traditional technologies in terms of yield, product quality, scalability, investment and operational costs, and environmental sustainability. Our analysis shows that although methods such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) are ideal for producing pure compounds (such as omega-3) suitable for pharmaceutical use, the high investment cost is the main obstacle to their widespread industrial application. In contrast, enzymatic hydrolysis is excellent for the production of bioactive peptides, but the high cost of commercial enzymes is a persistent challenge that requires solutions such as the use of endogenous enzymes or immobilized enzyme bioreactors. By providing a comprehensive comparative table and identifying key research gaps (such as the need for life cycle studies and cost-benefit analysis at a pilot scale), we conclude that the future belongs to hybrid strategies and integrated biorefinery models, in which different technologies are applied in a chain with the aim of maximizing the output value and minimizing secondary waste. Results and discussion: This study also reviews recent innovations in the recovery and utilization of fish waste and their transformation into value-added products in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, agricultural and energy industries. These exploitation methods include green and low-harm technologies for extracting compounds such as omega-3 fatty acids, collagen, gelatin, bioactive peptides, enzymes, chitosan, and hydroxyapatite. Each of these materials has wide applications in various industries; for example, marine collagen is used in the production of artificial tissue, wound dressings, and cosmetic products. Fish oil, which is extracted from different parts of the fish body, can be used as a suitable source for the production of biodiesel and dietary supplements. Technological advances, especially the use of modern methods such as microwave-based extraction, have increased efficiency and reduced processing time. Also, the extraction of omega-3 fatty acids from fish waste has gained a special place in the dietary supplement industry due to their effective role in preventing cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. Also, compost from this waste, as an organic fertilizer, improves the physical and chemical structure of the soil and provides nutrients to plants. Conclusion: In conclusion, this review shows that by adopting advanced extraction technologies, implementing effective marketing strategies for recycled products, and fostering collaborative networks across multiple industries, the full potential of these valuable resources can be realized—contributing meaningfully to sustainable development goals and environmental conservation. Overall, this review shows that by employing modern extraction technologies, effective marketing of recycled products, and establishing collaborative networks between different industries, the potential of these valuable resources can be fully exploited. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Fish waste value addition؛ Marine collagen؛ Omega-3 fatty acids؛ Bioceramics؛ Biosorbent؛ Green extraction technologies | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 204 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 146 |
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