Purpose: Investigating the refereeing structure of professional football in selected countries of Asia, Oceania and Europe and comparing it with Iran.
Method: The descriptive-analytical research method is based on the comparative approach. Australia from the continent of Oceania, Japan from Asia and England from Europe have been selected purposefully and on the basis of having a higher professional league level and a lead in the respective continent according to the geographical position as the geographical level of adaptation. Information was collected through library documents, websites, scientific articles and documents and analyzed in the form of Beredy's model (description, interpretation, Juxtaposition and comparison).
Results: The findings showed that Iran pays the lowest and England the highest salary to its referees, and except for Iran, three other countries have full-time referees (monthly salaries). All countries have set a minimum age for becoming a referee. The highest number of Premier League teams is England with 20 and the lowest is Australia with 12 teams. Japan has the most experienced referees with 40.81 and Australia has the youngest average age of judges with 35.91. Iran has the least number of referees and assistant referees with 22 and England has the highest number of referees with 42. Also, the findings show that England has the most professional leagues (five leagues), the highest classification of referees (11 categories) and the most modern refereeing technology.
Conclusion: It is necessary to use the successful experience of the selected countries and follow them as appropriate examples by those involved in the field of arbitration in order to move on the path of progress and becoming professional in the arbitration of the country. |
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