
تعداد نشریات | 30 |
تعداد شمارهها | 414 |
تعداد مقالات | 3,653 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 5,764,512 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 3,944,090 |
تاثیر کم آبیاری توأم با مصرف بیوچار و کمپوست بر رشد، عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب فلفل سبز | ||
مدل سازی و مدیریت آب و خاک | ||
مقاله 2، دوره 5، شماره 3، مهر 1404، صفحه 20-36 اصل مقاله (696.39 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22098/mmws.2024.15604.1489 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
عارف کرملاچعب1؛ سید مجید میر لطیفی* 2؛ علی مختصی بیدگلی3 | ||
1کارشناسی ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
2دانشیار، گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
3دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
افزایش بهرهوری آب کشاورزی یک امر ضروری برای استفاده بهینه از منابع آب میباشد. به این منظور به کار بردن روشهای کمآبیاری و استفاده از کودهای آلی یک راهبرد مهم جهت کاهش مصرف آب و افزایش بهرهوری است. از این رو در این پژوهش به بررسی اثر کمآبیاری توأم با مصرف بیوچار و کمپوست بر رشد، عملکرد و بهرهوری آب گیاه فلفل دلمهای پرداخته شد. در سال 1402 در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، طرحی آزمایشی بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه فاکتور و جمعاً 48 تیمار در چهار بلوک و با مجموع 192 گلدان اجرا گردید. فاکتور اول سه سطح آبیاری 100 درصد (D100)، 75 درصد (D75) و 65 درصد (D65) نیاز آبی گیاه، فاکتور دوم بیوچار با چهار سطح صفر درصد(B0)، 5/1 درصد (B1.5)، دو درصد (B2) و 5/2 درصد (B2.5) وزنی خاک و فاکتور سوم کمپوست با چهار سطح صفر درصد(C0)، 5/1 درصد (C1.5)، دو درصد (C2) و 5/2 درصد (C2.5) وزنی خاک بود. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها نشان داد که سطوح مختلف آبیاری و بیوچار و کمپوست بر خصوصیات میوه، گیاه، عملکرد و بهرهوری آب تأثیر معنیدار در سطح پنج درصد داشت. در بین تمام تیمارها بیشترین مقدار تعداد میوه و عملکرد در تیمار C2.5B2 برابر با 8/17 میوه در بوته و 1/2 کیلوگرم در بوته مشاهده شد که به ترتیب افزایش 122 و 156 درصدی را نسبت به تیمار شاهد (C0B0) نشان دادند. بیشترین بهرهوری آب محصول به میزان 3/39 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب در تیمار C2.5B2 مشاهده شد که افزایش 139 درصدی را نسبت به تیمار C0B0 نشان داد. در بین تیمارهای کمپوست و آبیاری تیمار D75C2 و D75C2.5 به ترتیب به میزان 43/35 و 17/35 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب بیشترین تأثیر را بر بهرهوری داشتند که افزایش 63/80 و 26/79 درصدی را نسبت به تیمار D100C0 نشان دادند. بر اساس نتایج، اعمال آبیاری به میزان 75 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و کاربرد کمپوست و بیوچار به ترتیب به میزان 5/2 و دو درصد وزن خاک، بهترین نتیجه را برای کشت فلفل دلمهای ایجاد نمود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
بهرهوری آب؛ ترکیبات آلی؛ کربن فعال؛ مدیریتآبیاری | ||
مراجع | ||
منابع بیطرفان، زهرا، اصغری، حمیدرضا، حسنلو، طاهره، غلامی، احمد، و مرادی، فواد، (1397). تأثیر بیوچار بر میزان تریگونلین بذر اکوتیپهای گیاه دارویی شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) در شرایط کمآبیاری. تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران، 34(1): 155-165. doi: 10.22092/ijmapr.2018.115556.2147 شرایعی، پروین، سبحانی، علیرضا، رحیمیان، محمدحسین، (1385). تأثیر سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری و کود پتاسیم بر کارآیی مصرف آب و کیفیت میوه گوجه فرنگی رقم پتو ارلی سی اچ. تحقیقات مهندسی صنایع غذایی، 7(2)، 75-86.
References Abayomi, Y. A., Aduloju, M. O., Egbewunmi, M. A., and Suleiman, B. (2012). Effects of soil moisture contents and rates of NPK fertilizer application on growth and fruit yields of pepper (Capsicum spp.) genotypes. International Journal of AgriScience, 2: 651-663. doi: 10.4236/jacen.2023.122015 Adeoye, P. (2014). Effect of Irrigation Intervals on Growth and Yield of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) in a Tropical Semi-arid Region. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 4: 515-524. doi: 10.9734/AJEA/2014/7788 Agegnehu, G., Bass, A. M., Nelson, P. N., Muirhead, B., Wright, G., and Bird, M. I. (2015). Biochar and biochar-compost as soil amendments: Effects on peanut yield, soil properties and greenhouse gas emissions in tropical North Queensland, Australia. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 213: 72-85. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2015.07.027 Agegnehu, G., Bird, M. I., Nelson, P. N., and Bass, A. M. (2015). The ameliorating effects of biochar and compost on soil quality and plant growth on a Ferralsol. Soil Research, 53(1): 1-12. doi: doi.org/10.1071/SR14118 Ahmed, A., Yu, H., Yang, X., and Jiang, W. (2014). Deficit Irrigation Affects Growth, Yield, Vitamin C Content, and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency of Hot Pepper Grown in Soilless Culture. HortScience, 49: 722-728. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI.49.6.722 Akhtar, S. S., Li, G., Andersen, M. N., & Liu, F. (2014). Biochar enhances yield and quality of tomato under reduced irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 138, 37-44. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.016 Akhtar, S. S., Li, G., Andersen, M. N., and Liu, F. (2014). Biochar enhances yield and quality of tomato under reduced irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 138: 37-44. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.016 Al-Harbi, A. R., Obadi, A., Al-Omran, A. M., and Abdel-Razzak, H. (2020). Sweet peppers yield and quality as affected by biochar and compost as soil amendments under partial root irrigation. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 19(7): 452-460. doi: 10.1016/j.jssas.2020.08.002 Alherbi, A., Saleh, A. M., Alomran, A., and Wahb-Allah, M. (2014). Response of bell-pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to salt stress and deficit irrigation strategy under greenhouse conditions. Acta horticulturae, 1034: 443-445. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1034.54 Ali, A. B., Elshaikh, N. A., Hussien, G., Abdallah, F. E., & Hassan, S. (2020). BIOCHAR ADDITION FOR ENHANCED CUCUMBER FRUIT QUALITY UNDER DEFICIT IRRIGATION. Bioscience Journal, 36(6). doi: 10.14393/BJ-v36n6a2020-47814 Arancon, N., Edwards, C., Webster, K., Buckerfield, J. (2010). The potential of vermicomposts as plant growth media for greenhouse crop production. Vermiculture Technol. 9, 103–128. doi: 10.1201/b10453-10 Artiola, J., Rasmussen, C., and Freitas, R. (2012). Effects of a Biochar-Amended Alkaline Soil on the Growth of Romaine Lettuce and Bermudagrass. Soil Science, 177: 561-570. doi: 10.1097/SS.0b013e31826ba908 Basso, A., Miguez, F., Laird, D., Horton, R., and Westgate, M. (2013). Assessing potential of biochar for increasing water‐holding capacity of sandy soils. GCB Bioenergy, 5. doi: 10.1111/gcbb.12026 Bitarafan, Z., Asghari, H.R., Hasanloo, T., Gholami, A., and Moradi, F. (2018). Biochar effect on seed trigonelline content of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) ecotypes under deficit irrigation. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 34(1): 155-165. doi: 10.22092/ijmapr.2018.115556.2147 [In Persian] Chai, Q., Gan, Y., Zhao, C., Xu, H.-L., Waskom, R. M., Niu, Y., and Siddique, K. H. M. (2015). Regulated deficit irrigation for crop production under drought stress. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 36(1): 3. doi: 10.1007/s13593-015-0338-6 Chapagain, A., and Hoekstra, A. (2006). Water Footprints of Nations. 16. Dağdelen, N., Yilmaz, E., Fuat, S., and Gürbüz, T. (2004). Effects of Water Stress at Different Growth Stages on Processing Pepper ( Capsicum annum Cv . Kapija ) Yield Water Use and Quality Characteristics. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2004.2167.2172 Doaa, M., and Ashmawi, A. E. (2022). Effect of Feldspar, Compost and Biochar on Cultivating Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata) Plant and Soil Sandy Clay Loam Properties. Asian Soil Research Journal, 6(1): 42-57. doi: 10.9734/asrj/2022/v6i130123 Ebrahimi, M., Souri, M. K., Mousavi, A., & Sahebani, N. (2021). Biochar and vermicompost improve growth and physiological traits of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) under deficit irrigation. Chemical and biological technologies in agriculture, 8(1), 1-14. doi: 10.1186/s40538-021-00216-9 Ezzo, M., Glala, A. A., Habib, H., & Helaly, A. (2010). Response of Sweet Pepper Grown in Sandy and Clay Soil Lysimeters to Water Regimes. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci, 8. FAO. (2009). How to feed the world in 2050. Retrieved from Rome: FAO. (2017). Water for Sustainable Food and Agriculture (978-92-5-109977-3 ). Retrieved from Rome: Fereres, E., and Soriano, M. A. (2006). Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58(2): 147-159. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erl165 Gebremedhin, and Haileselassie, B. (2015). Effect of Biochar on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat and Post-harvest Soil Properties in Tigray, Ethiopia. Journal of Fertilizers & Pesticides, 06. doi: 10.4172/2471-2728.1000158 Guang-Cheng, S., Na, L., Zhan-Yu, Z., Shuang-En, Y., and Chang-ren, C. (2010). Growth, yield and water use efficiency response of greenhouse-grown hot pepper under Time-Space deficit irrigation. Scientia Horticulturae, 126(2): 172-179. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.07.003 Hafeez, Y., Iqbal, S., Jabeen, K., Shahzad, S., Jahan, S., and Rasul, F. (2017). Effect of biochar on seed germination and seedling growth of Glycine max (L.) MERR. Under drought stress. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 49: 7-13. Hussain, M., Farooq, M., Nawaz, A., Al-Sadi, A., Solaiman, Z., Alghamdi, S., Jawad, A., Ok, Y. S., and Siddique, K. (2017). Biochar for crop production: potential benefits and risks. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 17: 685-716. doi: 10.1007/s11368-016-1360-2 Khan, M., Farooque, A., Hoque, M., Rahim, M., & Haque, M. (2009). Effect of irrigation levels at different growth stages on growth parameters and yield of four selected chilli accessions. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 34(1), 143-155. doi: 10.3329/bjar.v34i1.5764 Khandaker, M., Rohani, F., Dalorima, T., and Mat, N. (2017). Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Capsicum Annuum L. Var. Kulai (Red Chilli Kulai). Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia, 14: 185-192. doi: 10.13005/bbra/2434 Kirnak, H., Tas, I., Kaya, C., and Higgs, D. (2002). Effects of deficit irrigation on growth, yield, and fruit quality of eggplant under semi-arid conditions. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research - AUST J AGR RES, 53. doi: 10.1071/AR02014 Li C, Zhao C, Zhao X, Wang Y, Lv X, Zhu X, Song X. Beneficial Effects of Biochar Application with Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen Retention, Absorption and Utilization in Maize Production. Agronomy. 2023; 13(1):113. doi: 10.3390/agronomy13010113 Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, Q., Chang, T., Shaghaleh, H., Hamoud, Y. A. (2022). Improvement of photosynthesis by biochar and vermicompost to enhance tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield under greenhouse conditions. Plants 3214. doi: 10.3390/plants11233214 Lodhi, A., Kaushal, A., and Singh, K. G. (2014). Impact of Irrigation Regimes on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Sweet Pepper. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 7: 790-794. doi: 10.17485/ijst/2014/v7i6.2 Lv Y, Xu L, Guo X, Liu J, Zou B, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Zheng G, Guo Y, et al. Effect of Biochar on Soil Physiochemical Properties and Bacterial Diversity in Dry Direct-Seeded Rice Paddy Fields. Agronomy. 2023; 13(1):4. doi: 10.3390/agronomy13010004 Manzoor, Ma, L., Ni, K., Ruan, J. (2022). Effect of integrated use of rapeseed cake, biochar and chemical fertilizers on root growth, nutrients use efficiency and productivity of tea. Agronomy 12, 1823. doi: 10.3390/agronomy12081823 Nikodinovic-Runic, J., Guzik, M., Kenny, S. T., Babu, R., Werker, A., and O Connor, K. E. (2013). Chapter Four - Carbon-Rich Wastes as Feedstocks for Biodegradable Polymer (Polyhydroxyalkanoate) Production Using Bacteria. In S. Sariaslani & G. M. Gadd (Eds.), Advances in Applied Microbiology (Vol. 84, pp. 139-200): Academic Press. Novak, J., Lima, I., Xing, B., Gaskin, J., Steiner, C., Das, K. C., and Schomberg, H. (2009). Characterization of designer biochar produced at different temperatures and their effects on a loamy sand. Ann. Environ. Sci, 3: 2-3. O’Sullivan, J. (1979). RESPONSE OF PEPPERS TO IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 59(4), 1085-1091. doi: 10.4141/cjps79-168 Obadi, A., AlHarbi, A., Abdel-Razzak, H., and Al-Omran, A. (2020). Biochar and compost as soil amendments: effect on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growth under partial root zone drying irrigation. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13(13): 508. doi: 10.1007/s12517-020-05529-x Prost, K., Borchard, N., Siemens, J., Kautz, T., Séquaris, J.-M., Möller, A., and Amelung, W. (2013). Biochar Affected by Composting with Farmyard Manure. Journal of environmental quality, 42(1): 164-172. doi: 10.2134/jeq2012.0064 Rasal, D., Kanwar, H., Kirti, S., Pawar, R., Sharma, A., and Gir, V. (2017). Effect of drip irrigation and polyethylene mulching on growth and yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under mid hill zone of Himachal Pradesh. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6: 2798-2802. Roghanian, S., Mirseyed, H., Savaghebi, G., Halajian, L., Jamei, M., and Etesami, H. (2012). Effects of composted municipal waste and its leachate on some soil chemical properties and corn plant responses. International Journal of Agriculture: Research and Review. Ruiz-Lau, N., Lara, M. d. F., Minero-García, Y., Zamudio, E., Guzmán Antonio, A., Ileana, E., and Martínez-Estevez, M. (2011). Water Deficit Affects the Accumulation of Capsaicinoids in Fruits of Capsicum chinense Jacq. HortScience: a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 46. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI.46.3.487 Schulz, H., and Glaser, B. (2012). Effects of biochar compared to organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil quality and plant growth in a greenhouse experiment. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 175(3): 410-422. doi: 10.1002/jpln.201100143 Schulz, H., Dunst, G., and Glaser, B. (2013). Positive effects of composted biochar on plant growth and soil fertility. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 33(4): 817-827. doi: 10.1007/s13593-013-0150-0 Sezen, S. M., Yazar, A., Tekin, S., Eker, S., & Kapur, B. (2011). Yield and quality response of drip-irrigated pepper under Mediterranean climatic conditions to various water regimes. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(8), 1329-1339. Sharayei, P., Sobhani, A.R., and Rahimian, M.H. (2006). Effect of Different Levels of Irrigation Water and Potassium on water Productivity and Quality of Tomato (Peto early CH). Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 27(7): 75-86 [In Persian] Solomon, S. (2011). Sugarcane By-Products Based Industries in India. Sugar Tech, 13(4): 408-416. doi: 10.1007/s12355-011-0114-0 Souri, M. K., and Sooraki, F. (2019). Benefits of organic fertilizers spray on growth quality of chili pepper seedlings under cool temperature. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 42: 650-656. doi: 10.1080/01904167.2019.1568461 Stikic, R., Popovic, S., Srdic, M., Savic, D., Jovanovic, Z., Prokic, L., and Zdravković, J. (2003). Partial root drying (PRD): a new technique for growing plants that saves water and improves the quality of fruit. Journal of Plant Physiology: 164-171. Thirtle, C., Irz, X., Lin, L., and Wiggins, S. (2001). The Relationship Between Changes in Agricultural Productivity and the Incidence of Poverty in Developing Countries. Department for International Development. Trupiano, D., Cocozza, C., Baronti, S., Amendola, C., Vaccari, F., Lustrato, G., Lonardo, S., Fantasma, F., Tognetti, R., and Scippa, G. (2017). The Effects of Biochar and Its Combination with Compost on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Growth, Soil Properties, and Soil Microbial Activity and Abundance. International Journal of Agronomy, 2017. doi: 10.1155/2017/3158207 Usman, A. R. A., Al-Wabel, M. I., Ok, Y. S., Al-Harbi, A., Wahb-Allah, M., El-Naggar, A. H., Ahmad, M., Al-Faraj, A., and Al-Omran, A. (2016). Conocarpus Biochar Induces Changes in Soil Nutrient Availability and Tomato Growth Under Saline Irrigation. Pedosphere, 26(1): 27-38. doi: 10.1016/S1002-0160(15)60019-4 Vernieri, P., Borghesi, E., Tognoni, F., Ferrante, A., Serra, G., and Piaggesi, A. (2006). Use of Biostimulants for Reducing Nutrient Solution Concentration in Floating System. Acta horticulturae, 718: 477-484. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.718.55 Wan, H., Liu, X., Shi, Q., Chen, Y., Jiang, M., Zhang, J., et al. (2023). Biochar amendment alters root morphology of maize plant: its implications in enhancing nutrient uptake and shoot growth under reduced irrigation regimes. Front. Plant Sci. 14. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1122742 Wu, D., Zhang, W., Xiu, L., Sun, Y., Gu, W., Wang, Y., et al. (2022). Soybean yield response of biochar-regulated soil properties and root growth strategy. Agronomy 12, 1412. doi: 10.3390/agronomy12061412 Yilangai, R., Manu, S., Pineau, W., Mailumo, S., and Okeke-Agulu, K. (2014). The Effect of Biochar and Cro p Veil on Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentus Mill) in Jos, North central Nigeria. Current Agriculture Research Journal, 2: 37-42. doi: 10.12944/CARJ.2.1.05 Zahra, M. B., Aftab, Z.-E. H., Akhter, A., and Haider, M. S. (2021). Cumulative effect of biochar and compost on nutritional profile of soil and maize productivity. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 44(11): 1664-1676. doi: 10.1080/01904167.2021.1871743 Zuo, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, R., Dai, H., Zhang, Z. (2018). Application of vermicompost improves strawberry growth and quality through increased photosynthesis rate, free radical scavenging and soil enzymatic activity. Scientia Horticult. 233, 132–140. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.01.023 | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 283 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 32 |