Validation of the Persian version of Mothers' Object Relations Scales - Short Form (MORS-SF)
Journal of Research in Psychopathology
مقاله 6 ، دوره 5، شماره 16 ، 2024، صفحه 44-52 802.16 K )
نوع مقاله: Original Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22098/jrp.2024.13893.1206 نویسندگان
Esmaeil Shiri* 1 Fahime Zaree 2 Bahar Abroshan 3 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.3 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iranچکیده Parent-child relationships are among the most critical variables influencing children's developmental process. The availability of suitable tools for screening and measuring changes in the process of psychological interventions is of great importance. Due to the lack of appropriate tools assessing parent-child relationships, the present study aims to validate the Mothers' object relations scale short-form (MORS-SF) in Iranian society. This descriptive research used a test construction method, according to which the questionnaire was published electronically through social media after its translation and content validation. The population consisted of all mothers with Persian-speaking children aged 2 to 4 living in Iran, of whom 181 respondents were voluntarily considered as the sample. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS.22 and AMOS software, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to check the data construct validity. Pearson's correlation test was used to examine the concurrent criterion validity between the data of MORS-SF and Pianta's Child-Parent Relationship, and Scale Cronbach's alpha was performed to determine the scale's internal reliability. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) resulted in two factors, explaining 55.28% of the total variance. The correlation coefficients of 0.77 and 0.84 between the similar subscales of the two questionnaires and the coefficients of -0.730 and 0.652 between the inverse subscales, respectively, confirmed the scale’s convergent and divergent criterion validity. Cronbach values of 0.85 and 0.83 were obtained for the first and second factors, respectively. According to the obtained data, the questionnaire translated in Iran has good validity and reliability and is a suitable tool to measure the mother-child relationship quality. کلیدواژهها
Object relations ؛ Parent-child relations ؛ Reliability ؛ Validity
مراجع
Abedi Shapourabadi, S. Pourmohammed, M. Mohammadkhani, P., and Fadzi, M. (2011). Effectiveness of positive parenting group program on mother-child relationship in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Psychology. 15(3): 62-73. doi. 10.22075/jcp.2017.2098 .
Anderson, RE. (2018). And still WE rise: Parent-child relationships, resilience, and school readiness in low-income urban Black families. J Fam Psychol. 2018 Feb;32(1):60-70. doi:10.1037/fam0000348
Abdollahipour, F., Alizadeh Zarei, M., Akbar Fahimi, M., Karamali Esmaeili, S. (2016). Study of Face and Content Validity of the Persian. Version of Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Preschool Version. jrehab 2016; 17 (1) :12-19 . http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1779-en.html
Afrasiabi Far, Ardeshir, Yaghmai, Farideh, Abdoli, Samere, and Abedsaeidi, Jila. (2007). The process of translating research questionnaires and their cultural adaptation. Advances in Nursing and Midwifery, 16(54), 58-67 . SID . https://sid.ir/paper/108126/fa.
Bell, M.A. (2020). Chapter Six—Mother-child behavioral and physiological synchrony. In: Benson, J.B., editor. Advances in Child Development and Behavio, Vol. 58, JAI,163–88 . doi: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.01.006.
Bhopal, SS., Roy, R., Verma, D., Kumar, D., Khan, B., Soremekun, S., Oates, J., Divan, G., Kirkwood, BR. (2022). Using the Mothers Object Relations Scale for early childhood development research in rural India: Findings from the Early Life Stress Sub-study of the SPRING Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (SPRING-ELS). Wellcome Open Res. 2022 Jan 31; 6:54 . doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16591.2.
Bowman, LC., McCormick, SA., Kane-Grade, F., Xie, W., Bosquet Enlow, M., Nelson, CA. (2022). Infants' neural responses to emotional faces are related to maternal anxiety. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2022 Feb;63(2):152-164 . doi:10.1111/jcpp.13429 .
Bradford, AB., Burningham, KL., Sandberg, JG., Johnson LN. (2017). The Association between the Parent-Child Relationship and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: The Roles of Attachment and Perceived Spouse Attachment Behaviors. J Marital Fam Ther. Apr;43(2):291-307 . doi: 10.1111/jmft.12190.
Brodie, B. (2019). Object Relations and Intersubjective Theories in the Practice of Psychotherapy. Edition 1st Edition,First Published 2019,Pub. Location London Imprint Routledge. Pages 304.DOI doi:10.4324/9780367855697.
Caspi, A., Houts, RM., Ambler, A., Danese, A., Elliott, ML., Hariri, A., Harrington, H., Hogan, S., Poulton R, Ramrakha, S., Rasmussen, LJH., Reuben, A., Richmond-Rakerd, L., Sugden, K., Wertz, J., Williams BS., Moffitt, TE. (2020). Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health Disorders and Comorbidities Across 4 Decades Among Participants in the Dunedin Birth Cohort Study. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Apr 1;3(4): e203221 . doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3221 .
Chen Q, Kong Y, Gao W, Mo L. (2018). Effects of Socioeconomic Status, Parent-Child Relationship, and Learning Motivation on Reading Ability. Front Psychol. 2018 Jul 25; 9:1297 . doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01297.
Datu, J. A. D. (2017). Sense of relatedness is linked to higher grit in a collectivist setting. Personality and Individual Differences, 105,135-138 . doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.039.
Dela Cruz KL, Kelsey CM, Tong X, Grossmann T. (2023). Infant and maternal responses to emotional facial expressions: A longitudinal study. Infant Behav Dev. 2023 May; 71:101818. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2023.101818.
De Falco, S., Emer, A., Martini, L., Rigo, P., Pruner, S., Venuti, P. (2014). Predictors of mother-child interaction quality and child attachment security in at-risk families. Front Psychol. 2014 Aug 20; 5:898 . doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00898.
Driscoll, K., Pianta, R.C. (2011). Mother’s and father’s perceptions of conflict and closeness in parent- child relationships during early chilhood. Journal of early chilhood and infant psychology, 7, 1-18.
Ekman P, Friesen W (1972). Constants Across Culture in the Face of Emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology; 17: 124-9 . doi:10.1037/h0030377.
Grusec, J. E., Chaparro, M. P., Johnston, M., and Sherman, A. (2014). “The development of moral behavior from a socialization perspective,” in Handbook of Moral Development, eds M. Killen and J. G. Smetana. Psychology Press, 113–134 . doi:10.4324/9780203581957.
Hada, A., Imura, M., & Kitamura, T. (2022). Development of a Scale for Parent-to-Baby Emotions: Concepts, Design, and Factor Structure. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports, 1(3): e30 . doi:10.1002/pcn5.30
Hair, J. F., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Black, W. C. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning Health. 2019; 33(4): 282–300 . doi. 1473756545, 9781473756540 .
Hickey, E. J., Hartley, S. L., & Papp, L. (2020). Psychological well-being and parent-child relationship quality in relation to child autism: an actor-partner modeling approach. Family Process, 59, 636–650 . doi:10.1111/famp.12432.
Huston, A. C., & Rosenkrantz Aronson, S. (2005). Mothers’ time with infant and time in employment as predictors of mother–child relationships and children’s early development. Child Development, 76(2),467–482 .doi :10.1111/j.14678624.2005.00857.
Iqbali, M., Mousavi, V., & Hakima (2015). The effectiveness of transactional analysis training on mothers' parenting styles. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Family Psychology . 3(2)17-26 . https://www.sid.ir/paper/250058/fa
Itir Onal Ertugrul, Yeojin Amy Ahn, Maneesh Bilalpur, Daniel S. Messinger, Matthew L. Speltz & Jeffrey F. Cohn (2023). Infant AFAR: Automated facial action recognition in infants. Behavior Research Methods volume 55, pages 1024–1035 . doi:10.3758/s13428-022-01863-y.
Kernberg Otto, F. (2021). Some implications of new developments in neurobiology for sychoanalytic object relations theory. Neuropsychoanalysis,24, 3-12 . doi:10.1080/15294145.2021.1995609 .
King, R. B. (2015). Sense of relatedness boosts engagement, achievement, and well-being: A latent growth model study. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 42, 26-38 . doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2015.04.002.
Khorramabadi R, Pouretemad HR, Tahmasian K, Chimeh N. (2009). A comparative study of parental stress in mothers of autistic and non-autistic children. Journal of Family Research. 2009; 5(3): 387-99 . https://www.sid.ir/paper/122215/en
Moulson Kristina Safar Margaret C. (2020). Three-month-old infants show enhanced behavioral and neural sensitivity to fearful faces. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. 42.134-149 . doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100759.
Kyriazos, T. (2018) Applied Psychometrics: Sample Size and Sample Power Considerations in Factor Analysis (EFA, CFA) and SEM in General. Psychology, 9, 2207-2230 . doi:10.4236/psych.2018.98126.
Laura M, O’Reill LY, Treter M., Galena R. K., Narayan, A. J. (2022). Parent–Child Relationship Quality in the Family of Origin and Later Romantic Relationship Functioning:A Systematic Review. Fam Process. Mar;61(1):259-277 . doi: 10.1111/famp.12650.
Layland EK, Hodge CJ, Glaza M, Peets JO. (2020). Rethinking Leisure Time Use Metrics: Greater Diversity in Shared Sibling Leisure is Associated with Higher Relationship Quality during Emerging Adulthood. J Soc Pers Relat. 2020 Feb;37(2):516-537 . doi:10.1177/0265407519867771.
Lemmon, M., Patterson, SE., Martin, MA. (2018). Mothers' Time and Relationship with Their Adolescent Children: The Intersecting Influence of Family Structure and Maternal Labor Force Participation. J Fam Issues. 2018 Jun;39(9):2709-2731 . doi:10.1177/0192513x18756929.
Lewallen, A. C., & Neece, C. L. (2015). Improved social skills in children with developmental delays after parent participation in MBSR: The role of parent—child relational factors. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 3117–3129 . doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0116-8
Malczyk, B. R., and Lawson, H. A. (2017). Parental monitoring, the parent-child relationship and children’s academic engagement in mother-headed single-parent families. Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 73, 274–282 . doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth. 2016.12.019
Naghipoor, M., Besharat, MA., Zeinali, A. (2022). Predicting internet addiction through object relations and ego strength: The moderating role of gender Prédire l’addiction à Internet par les relations d’objet et la force de l’ego: le rôle modérateur du genre. Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique,34.134-167 . doi:10.1016/j.amp.2022.11.020.
Oates, J. (1998) ‘Risk Factors for Infant Attrition and Low Engagement in Experiments and Free-play’, Infant Behaviour and Development, 21, pp. 555-569 . doi:10.1016/S0163-6383(98)90029-7
Oates, J., Gervai, J. (2019). Mothers’ perceptions of their infants. J Prenat Perinat PsycholHealth. 2019; 33(4): 282–300 . https://birthpsychology.com/journal/article/mothers%E2%80%99-perceptions-their-infants
River, LM., O'Reilly Treter, M., Rhoades, GK., Narayan, AJ. (2022). Parent-Child Relationship Quality in the Family of Origin and Later Romantic Relationship Functioning: A Systematic Review. Fam Process. 2022 Mar;61(1):259-277 . doi:10.1111/famp.12650.
Rodas, N. V., Zeedyk, S. M., & Baker, B. L. (2016). Unsupportive parenting and internalizing behavior problems in children with or without intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 60, 1200–1211 . doi:10.1111/jir.12332
Roeters, A., van der Lippe, T., & Kluwer, E. S. (2010). Work characteristics and parent-child relationship quality: The mediating role of temporal involvement. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(5), 1317–1328 . doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00767.
Schuiringa H, van Nieuwenhuijzen M, Orobio de Castro B, Matthys W. (2015). Parenting and the parent-child relationship in families of children with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities and externalizing behavior. Res Dev Disabil. 2015 Jan; 36:1-12 . doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.08.018.
Shannon K. Jacobsen, Amarat, Z. (2020). Quantity or Quality? Assessing the Role of Household Structure and Parent-Child Relationship in Juvenile Delinquency. Deviant Behavior 43(4):1-14 . doi:10.1080/01639625.2020.1774241.
Simkiss DE, MacCallum F, Fan EE, Oates JM, Kimani PK., (2019). Stewart-Brown S. Validation of the Mothers Object Relations scales in 2-4-year-old children and comparison with the Child-Parent Relationship Scale. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013 Mar 21; 11:49 . doi:10.1186/1477-7525-11-49.
Toor, K. K. (2018). Parent-child relationships and students’ academic achievement: A study of secondary school students. Journal of Educational Studies Trends and Practices, 8, 38-56 . doi:10.52634/mier/2018/v8/i1/1418.
Totsika, V., Hastings, RP., Emerson, E., Hatton, C. (2020). Early Years Parenting Mediates Early Adversity Effects on Problem Behaviors in Intellectual Disability. Child Dev. 2020 May;91(3): e649-e664 . doi: 10.1111/cdev.13273.
Vlierberghe L, Diamond G, Bosmans G. (2023). Middle childhood attachment-based family therapy: Theory and model description. Fam Process. 2023 Sep;62(3):1040-1054 . doi:10.1111/famp.12887.
Zabidi AS, Hastings RP, Totsika V. (2023). Spending leisure time together: Parent child relationship in families of children with an intellectual disability. Res Dev Disabil. 2023 Feb; 133:104398 . doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104398.
Zeigler-Hill, Virgil; Shackelford, Todd K.; Hangen, Emily J.; and Elliot, Andrew J., "Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences" (2020). Psychology Faculty Book Gallery . 15. https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/psychology-books/15.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 745
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 958
