آمار

تعداد نشریات31
تعداد شماره‌ها475
تعداد مقالات4,219
تعداد مشاهده مقاله7,081,948
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله4,782,925
Taghiabadi, Masoud, Pirhadi, Atiyeh. (1401). The Online Trolling of Football Fans on Social Media Based on Habermas's Public Sphere Theory (Case Study: Fan Pages of Esteghlal and Persepolis Teams on Instagram). سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 3(3), 71-90. doi: 10.22098/rsmm.2022.1799
Masoud Taghiabadi; Atiyeh Pirhadi. "The Online Trolling of Football Fans on Social Media Based on Habermas's Public Sphere Theory (Case Study: Fan Pages of Esteghlal and Persepolis Teams on Instagram)". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 3, 3, 1401, 71-90. doi: 10.22098/rsmm.2022.1799
Taghiabadi, Masoud, Pirhadi, Atiyeh. (1401). 'The Online Trolling of Football Fans on Social Media Based on Habermas's Public Sphere Theory (Case Study: Fan Pages of Esteghlal and Persepolis Teams on Instagram)', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 3(3), pp. 71-90. doi: 10.22098/rsmm.2022.1799
Taghiabadi, Masoud, Pirhadi, Atiyeh. The Online Trolling of Football Fans on Social Media Based on Habermas's Public Sphere Theory (Case Study: Fan Pages of Esteghlal and Persepolis Teams on Instagram). سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1401; 3(3): 71-90. doi: 10.22098/rsmm.2022.1799

The Online Trolling of Football Fans on Social Media Based on Habermas's Public Sphere Theory (Case Study: Fan Pages of Esteghlal and Persepolis Teams on Instagram)

Research in Sport Management and Marketing
دوره 3، شماره 3، مهر 2022، صفحه 71-90    اصل مقاله (393.77 K)
نوع مقاله: Original Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22098/rsmm.2022.1799
نویسندگان
Masoud Taghiabadi* 1؛ Atiyeh Pirhadi2
1Ph.D. Student of Communication Science at Allameh Tabatabaii University, Tehran, Iran
2MAof Communication Science at Allameh Tabatabaii University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده
Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the concept of online trolling among Iranian football fans (Esteghlal and Persepolis) on Instagram. Using the thematic analysis method and purposeful sampling method, we sought to examine two fan pages (PersepolisFC.fans and fctaj) belonging to these two, relying on Habermas' views on the public sphere. We tried to answer whether online trolling by fans on social media (Instagram) and conversations based on it has created a new public sphere in cyberspace or continues the sphere of public life in society (sports).
Methods: This paper used thematic analysis by Clark's instructions, six themes were extracted, including obscenity, sexual slur, political, unfair judgment, teasing, and accusation. As a result, a network of related themes on online trolling was designed. 
Results: Findings show that what has emerged in fandom culture on social media as a public sphere is a place to spread hatred and trash-talk, not Habermas's rational arguments. Blaming, the accusation of nonidentity and illogical, humiliation, and sexual slurs toward other users has prevented the formation of a sphere by Habermas criteria.  
Conclusion: The lack of rational arguments, the emotionality of opinions instead of their rationality due to substantial prejudice against the favorite team, incorrect and unreliable and stereotypical judgments about the rival team, and superficial confrontation with the content and facts of football. Theatricality and hostility (antagonistic) of opinions are among the most critical factors that lead to the formation of online trolling in the Iranian sports life world and weaken the public sphere.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Internet troll؛ public sphere؛ thematic analysis؛ rival teams؛ antagonist discussion
مراجع
References

  1. Adler, E., & Clark, R. (2008). How It's Done: An Introduction to Social Research.Mason: Cengage Learning.
  2. Ahmed, W & Meggs, J. (2022). Online abuse in sport: why athletes are targeted and how they can end up winning, The Conversation. 07.01.2022.
  3. Alvarez, L. (2013). Charges Dropped in Cyberbullying Death, but Sheriff Isn't Backing Down. The New York Times Magazine, Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/us/chargesdropped-against-florida-girls-accused-in-cyberbullyingdeath (accessed November 10, 2014).
  4. Khaghani Avar, F & Shanvaz, B. (2016). A Study of Verbal and Virtual Violence of Football Spectators in Iran (Causes and Strategies). Quarterly Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. 1(4): 40-54. (In Persian)
  5. Binns, A. (2012). Don't Feed the Trolls! Managing trouble [1] makers in magazines' online communities. Journalism Practice 6 (4):547–62.
  6. Bostani, M & Pooladi, k. (2017). A Study of the Elements of the Public Sphere ‌ In Habermas's Thought, Journal of Political Science, Islamic Azad University, vol 38(13) 21-42
  7. Boyatzis, RE. (1998). Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  8. Braun, V, Clarke, V. (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3: 77–101
  9. Brown, C. (2009). www.hate.com: White supremacist discourse on the Internet and the construction of whiteness ideology. The Howard Journal of Communications, 20, 189-208.
  10. Buckels, E. E., P. D. Trapnell, and D. L. Paulhus. (2014). Trolls just want to have fun. Personality and Individual Differences 67:97–102.
  11. Case, C, king, D. (2018). Internet Trolling Victimization: An Empirical Examination of Incidence in Undergraduate Business Students, Journal of research in higher education, vol 34
  12. Cela, E, (2015), Social Media as a New Form of Public Sphere, European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research, vo l4, Nr.1
  13. Clarke, V., Braun, V., & Hayfield, N. (2015). Thematic analysis. In J. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods, sage publication, (3rd ed., pp. 222-248).
  14. Cleland, J. (2014). Online Message Boards: How Social Media Has Added a New Dimension to Racist Discourse in English Football, Journal of Sports and Social, Issues 2014, Vol. 38(5) 415–431
  15. Cleland, J. (2014). Racism, football fans, and online message board: How social media has added a new dimension to racist discourse in English football. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 38, 5, 415-431
  16. Crump, J. (2011). What are the Police doing on Twitter? Social Media, the Police and the Public. Policy & Internet 3(4):1–27.
  17. Daly, J., Kellehear, A., & Gliksman, M. (1997). The public health researcher: A methodological approach. Melbourne: Oxford University Press
  18. Dehghan, A, & Hassani, H, (2012). From fan culture to virtual sports fan publications, analysis: Blogs of fans of Esteghlal Tehran football team, Quarterly Journal of Communication Research, 2012, Vol.18, No.4 (68), 107-133
  19. Della Cava, M. (2017). Facebook takes on revenge porn. USA Today, April 7, 3B. Fearn, N. (2017). Twitter and the Scourge of Cyberbullying IDGConnect.com, January 30, Retrieved from http://www.idgconnect.com/abstract/24146/twitter-scourge-cyberbullying
  20. Elgujja, A & Arimoro, A. (2019). When Dissent by Football Fans on Social Media Turns to Hate: Call for Stricter Measures, research gate publication, 10.13140/RG.2.2.21508.27524.
  21. ElSherief, M & Nguyen, D & Wang, W & Belding, E. (2018). Hate Lingo: A Target-based Linguistic Analysis of Hate Speech in Social Media, research gate publication, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1804.04257
  22. Etienne, F, (2022). Swiss tease Switzerland fans brutally troll Italy after World Cup qualifying KO with Google-themed banner in England loss at Wembley, retrieved from: https://www.thesun.co.uk/sport/football/18077789/switzerland-troll-italy-world-cup-banner/ (Accessed:26 March 20
  23. Fichman, P. & Sanfilippo, M. R. (2016). Online Trolling and Its Perpetrators: Under the Cyberbridge. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield
  24. Gadhia, K. (2015) The relationship between football clubs and social media, Retrieved from: https://www.lovingsocialmedia.com/the-relationship-between-football-clubs-and-social-media/ (Accessed: 23 March 2021).
  25. Golder, S. A., and Donath. J. (2004). Social roles in electronic communities, the International Conference of Internet Research, September 22, Brighton, England.
  26. Graney, N (2019). Is internet trolling simply replacing the violence we used to see on the football terraces?, Retrieved from: https://rokerreport.sbnation.com/2019/8/5/20751460/is-internet-trolling-simply-replacing-the-violence-we-used-to-see-on-the-football-terraces
  27. Habermas, J. (1989). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society (originally published in German in 1962). Cambridge: Polity Press
  28. Habermas, J. (1985). The Theory of Communicative Action: Reason and the Rationalization of Society. Translated by Thomas McCarthy. Boston: Beacon Press. 
  29. Habermas, J. (1991). The Structural Transformation of Public Sphere. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
  30. Habermas, J. (2006). Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research. Communication Theory, 16:411–26.
  31. Hardaker, C. (2010). Trolling in asynchronous computer-mediated communication: From user discussions to academic definitions. Journal of Politeness Research 6:215–42.
  32. khaniki, H., atabak, M., azizi, F. (2017). The situational Analysis of virtual social networks in Iran by Habermasian’s public sphere Approach (Case study: Several Facebook groups). Journal of Culture-Communication Studies, 18(37), 101-130
  33. Kniffin, K, Palacio, D. (2018), Trash-Talking and Trolling, human nature journal, v29. P:353-369
  34. Kuper, S. (2014), Football and social media. Retrieved from http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/7593cd8c-7041-11e4-bc6a-00144feabdc0.html (Accessed: March 22, 2021)
  35. Lee, J. (2019), Sports, Instagram, and conflict talk in Englishes, world Englishes journal, v39
  36. Manivannan, V. (2014). When 'Trolling' Becomes an Umbrella Term. The New York Times Magazine, Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/room for debate/2014/08/19/the-war-against-online [1] trolls/when-trolling-becomes-an-umbrella-term (accessed November 10, 2021).
  37. McCluskey, M., & Hmielowski, J. (2011). Opinion expression during social conflict: Comparing online reader comments and letters to the editor. Journalism. 2012 13: 303 originally published online September 14, 2011. doi:10.1177/1464884911421696
  38. Moreau, E. (2017). 10 Types of Internet Troll You'll Meet Online. Lifewire.com, May 19, Retrieved fromhttps://www.lifewire.com/types-of-internet-trolls-3485894
  39. Nozari, H. A (2002). Habermas Rereading: An Introduction to the Opinions, Thoughts and Theories of Jürgen Habermas, Tehran: Cheshmeh Publishing.
  40. O'Brien, N., and N. Ralston. (2014). Charlotte Dawson Found Dead. The Sydney Morning Herald, retrieved from http://www.smh.com.a u/lifestyle/celebrity/charlotte-Dawson-found-dead-20140 222-338j6.html (accessed November 10, 2021).
  41. Olteanu, A., Castillo, C., Diaz, F., and Vieweg, S. (2014). CrisisLex: A lexicon for collecting and filtering microblogged communications in crises. In Proc. of ICWSM. 10.1145/2675133.2675242.
  42. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
  43. Papacharissi, Z. (2002). The virtual sphere: the internet as a public sphere. new media & society, Vol.4 (1), 9- 27.
  44. Rice, P., & Ezzy, D. (1999). Qualitative research methods: A health focus. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
  45. Shachaf, P., and Hara. N. (2010). Beyond vandalism: Wikipedia trolls. Journal of Information Science 36 (3), 357–70.
  46. Theodoropoulou, S. S (2013). Performing Fan Identities: The Role of Politics in the Antagonistic Communication of Football Fans in Cyprus, FREE Conference University of Vienna, (October 2013), Vienna
 

آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,887
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,254


سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب