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مولفههایشایستگیتحصیلی دانشآموزان ابتدایی از دیدگاه معلمان، مادران و متخصصان: یک کاوش کیفی مبتنی بر نظریهدادهبنیاد | ||
روان شناسی مدرسه و آموزشگاه | ||
مقاله 6، دوره 13، شماره 4، دی 1403، صفحه 62-74 اصل مقاله (1.03 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22098/jsp.2025.13121.5590 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سعید خاوندی زاد اقدم1؛ خدیجه ابوالمعالیالحسینی* 2 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاهآزاد اسلامی ، تهران، ایران | ||
2دانشیار روانشناسیتربیتی، واحدتهران شمال، دانشگاهآزاداسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
هدف: هدف این پژوهش تبیین ساختار و مولفههای شایستگی تحصیلی دانشآموزان دوره ابتدایی است. شایستگی تحصیلی ویژگیهای چند بعدی یادگیرنده از جمله مهارتها، نگرشها و رفتارها است. روشپژوهش: روش پژوهش، کیفی با راهبرد نظریه دادهبنیاد اشتراوس و کوربین است. برای گردآوریدادهها از مصاحبههای نیمهساختارمند با 18 متخصص تعلٌیموتربیت، معلمان و مادران در سال 1401 بهرهگیری شدهاست. نسبت و شاخصرواییمحتوایی از طریق 11 داور تائید شد. برای تحلیل داده-ها از کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی استفادهشد. یافتهها:در این پژوهش 105 کدباز و 44 کدمحوری اکتشاف شد. از جمله عواملعلٌی اکتشاف شده میتوان به متناسبسازی و غنیسازی محیط دانشآموز، تعامل مناسب با دانشآموز، رابطه مادران با دانشآموز، علایق دانشآموزان و روشهای مبتنی بر بازی؛ از عوامل زمینهای میتوان به جو اجتماعی، عاطفی-روانی امن در مدرسه، خانه و کلاس، ارتباط مناسب مدرسه-اولیا-دانشآموز، تجارب معلم، غیرمتمرکز شدن نظامآموزشی، شایستهسالاری در آموزشوپرورش و تحول در سیاستهای آموزش ابتدایی؛از جمله عوامل مداخلهای میتوان به آشنایی معلم با تفاوتهای فردی و اصولروانشناسی، کارآمدی معلم، ارزشیابی علمی معلم،تعادلروانیمعلم؛ ازجمله راهبردها میتوان به جراتورزی، مسولیتپذیری، صبوری، خودکارآمدی، نظم و انضباط، عدالت، وفاداری دانشآموز؛ از جمله پیامدها میتوان به افزایش هوش، رشد فکری، ایجاد باور، رشد رفتاری-انسانی و پرسشگری دانشآموزان و ارتقاء حقوق شهروندی اشاره کرد. نتیجه گیری: مولفههای شایستگی تحصیلی اکتشاف شده در این پژوهش را میتوان در ساخت و استانداردسازی پرسشنامه شایستگی تحصیلی دانش آموزان دوره ابتدائی استفاده کرد. پیشنهاد میشود، پژوهشگران و متخصصانامر، مولفههای شناسائی شده در این پژوهش را مورد توجه قرار دهند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
مولفهها؛ شایستگی تحصیلی؛ مهارتها؛ توانمندسازها؛ نظریه داده بنیاد | ||
مراجع | ||
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