The Mediating Role of Self-Criticism and Perfectionism in the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Social Anxiety Among High School Students in Bojnurd City

Abaspour, P., Ahmadi, S., Ahmadi, S. M., & Asl, S. T. S. (2014). The Role of Attachment Styles and Perfectionism in Predicting of Students' Mental Health. Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences, 3(3). e82117. doi:10.5812/jcrps.82117

Aderka, I. M., Hofmann, S. G., Nickerson, A., Hermesh, H., Gilboa-Schechtman, E., & Marom, S. (2012). Functional impairment in social anxiety disorder. Journal of anxiety disorders, 26(3), 393-400.doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.003

Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1982). The development of infant-mother attachment. In In Thebeginning: Readings on Infancy (pp. 133-143). Columbia University Press. doi:10.7312/bels91552-016

Ariapooran, S., Mahdieh Najafabadi, N., & Ghasemipour, Y. (2022). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in children of mothers with high and low negative perfectionism. Journal of Research in Psychopathology, 3(10), 12-17. doi:10.22098/JRP.2022.11230.1127

Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., Stanley, M. A., & Dancu, C. V. (1989). The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory: Concurrent and external validity. Behavior Therapy, 20(3), 417-427. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80060-7

Besharat, M. A. (2004). An investigation of the relationship between perfectionism and self-esteem in pre-college students. Evolutionary Psychology (Iranian Psychologists), 1(1), 21-30.

Besharat, M.A (2000) Standardization of the Adult Attachment Scale. Research Report. University of Tehran.

Besser, A., & Priel, B. (2005). The apple does not fall far from the tree: Attachment styles and personality vulnerabilities to depression in three generations of women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(8), 1052-1073.  doi:10.1177/0146167204274082

Blatt, S. J., & Levy, K. N. (2003). Attachment theory, psychoanalysis, personality development, and psychopathology. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 23(1), 102-150. doi:10.1080/07351692309349028

Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: retrospect and prospect. American journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 664.

Brumariu, L. E., & Kerns, K. A. (2008). Mother–child attachment and social anxiety symptoms in middle childhood. Journal of applied developmental psychology, 29(5), 393-402. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.06.002

Brumariu, L. E., Obsuth, I., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2013). Quality of attachment relationships and peer relationship dysfunction among late adolescents with and without anxiety disorders. Journal of anxiety disorders, 27(1), 116-124.  doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.09.002

Cantazaro, A., & Wei, M. (2010). Adult attachment, dependence, self‐criticism, and depressive symptoms: A test of a mediational model. Journal of personality, 78(4), 1135-1162.  doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00645.x

Carcedo, R. J., Vázquez-Iglesias, P., Parade, S., Herreros-Fraile, A., & Hervalejo, D. (2023). Social anxiety mediates the effect of attachment to parents on friendships and loneliness during the college transition. Current Psychology, 42(13), 10457-10467. doi:10.1007/s12144-023-02957-1.

Carfagno, M., Barone, E., Arsenio, E., Bello, R., Marone, L., Volpicelli, A., & Monteleone, A. M. (2024). Mediation role of interpersonal problems between insecure attachment and eating disorder psychopathology. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 29(1), 43.  doi:10.1007/s40519-023-00603-9

Ciprovac, B., Chen, J., Kemps, E., Williamson, P., & Windsor, T. (2019). Cognitive biases in social anxiety and perfectionism. In 9th World Congress of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies.

Cox, B. J., Walker, J. R., Enns, M. W., & Karpinski, D. C. (2002). Self-criticism in generalized social phobia and response to cognitive-behavioral treatment. Behavior Therapy, 33(4), 479-491. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(02)80012-0

Dakanalis, A., Timko, C. A., Zanetti, M. A., Rinaldi, L., Prunas, A., Carrà, G., ... & Clerici, M. (2014). Attachment insecurities, maladaptive perfectionism, and eating disorder symptoms: A latent mediated and moderated structural equation modeling analysis across diagnostic groups. Psychiatry Research, 215(1), 176-184.  doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.10.039

De Santis, S., Falgares, G., & Kopala-Sibley, D. C. (2021). The relationship between attachment styles and internalizing/externalizing problems: The mediating role of self-criticism. Current Psychology, 40, 2355-2365. doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01475-1

Dobos, B., Urban, R., Kenny, D., & Piko, B. F. (2021). The mediating role of social phobia between perfectionism and low life satisfaction among young women. The European Journal of Counselling Psychology, 9(1), 1-6. doi:10.5964/ejcop.v9i1.261

Fang, F., & Wang, J. (2024). The relationship between attachment and depression among college students: The mediating role of perfectionism. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1352094.  doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1352094

Fathi Ashtiani, A., & Dasani, M. (2008). Psychological tests - evaluation of personality and mental health.Tehran: Ba'ath Publications: Basic Books.

Flett, G. L., Burdo, R., & Nepon, T. (2021). Mattering, insecure attachment, rumination, and self-criticism in distress among university students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 1300-1313. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00303-5

Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 449-468.  doi:10.1007/BF01172967

Gadassi Polack, R., Everaert, J., Uddenberg, C., Kober, H., & Joormann, J. (2021). Emotion regulation and self-criticism in children and adolescence: Longitudinal networks of transdiagnostic risk factors. Emotion, 21(7), 1438-1451. doi:10.1037/emo0001041

Ghaderi, M., Ahi, Q., Vaziri, S., Mansoori, A., & Shahabizadeh, F. (2020). The mediating role of self–criticism and distress tolerance in relationship between attachment styles and non-suicidal self-injury behaviors in adolescents. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 17(4), 552-537.  doi:10.29252/jrbs.17.4.552

Gilbert, P., Clarke, M., Hempel, S., Miles, J. N., & Irons, C. (2004). Criticizing and reassuring oneself: An exploration of forms, styles and reasons in female students. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43(1), 31-50.  doi:10.1348/014466504772812959

Hazan, C. (1987). Conceptualizing romantic love as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524.  doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511

Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., & Mikail, S. F. (2017). Perfectionism: A relational approach to conceptualization, assessment, and treatment. Guilford Publications.  doi:10.1037/a0035723

Iancu, I., Bodner, E., & Ben-Zion, I. Z. (2015). Self-esteem, dependency, self-efficacy, and self-criticism in social anxiety disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 58, 165-171.  doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.018

Jung, S. J., & Hong, J. (2022). The Relationship between Internalized Shame and Social Interaction Anxiety: The Mediating Effects of Self-Criticism and Rejection Sensitivity. Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders, 30(4), 235-247.  doi:10.1177/10634266221100456

Kamalou, S. (2020). The role of attachment style in resolution of self-criticism process. University of Toronto (Canada).  doi:10.XXXX/XXXX

Kaya, F., Odacı, H., & Yazıcı Çelebi, G. (2023). Attachment anxiety and interpersonal relationship styles: The mediating role of interpersonal cognitive distortions. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 16(3), 320-339.  doi:10.1007/s41811-023-00097-1

Kessler, R. C., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Wittchen, H. U. (2012). Twelve‐month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 21(3), 169-184.  doi:10.1002/mpr.1359

Khanipour, H. (2013). Self-injurious behaviors in adolescents: Nature, suicidality and role psychological factors (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Allameh Tabatabaei University.

Khosravi, A., Abyar, F., Merci, Y., Khodakhah Darban, S., Vandshekari, F., & Ebadi, Z. (2022). The effect of compassion-focused therapy on self-compassion and self-criticism in adolescents with body-image disorder. Journal of Research in Psychopathology, 3(9), 8-14. doi: 10.22098/JRP.2022.10363.1067

Kiel, L., Hopwood, C. J., & Lind, M. (2024). Changes in personality functioning and pathological personality traits as a function of treatment: A feasibility study. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 1-10.  doi:10.1007/s10862-024-10001-2

Kim, J. J., Kent, K. M., Cunnington, R., Gilbert, P., & Kirby, J. N. (2020). Attachment styles modulate neural markers of threat and imagery when engaging in self-criticism. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 13776.  doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70616-2

Ko, A., Hewitt, P. L., Cox, D., Flett, G. L., & Chen, C. (2019). Adverse parenting and perfectionism: A test of the mediating effects of attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and perceived defectiveness. Personality and Individual Differences, 150, 109474.  doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.06.017

Lafontaine, M. F., Péloquin, K., Levesque, C., Azzi, S., Daigle, M. P., & Brassard, A. (2019). Beyond the simple association between romantic attachment insecurity and dyadic coping: An examination of romantic perfectionism as a mediator. Journal of Relationships Research, 10, e12.  doi:10.1017/jrr.2019.6[1]

Lazarus, G., & Shahar, B. (2018). The role of shame and self-criticism in social anxiety: A daily-diary study in a nonclinical sample. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 37(2), 107-127.  doi:10.1521/jscp.2018.37.2.107

Lincoln, J., Tip, L., & De La Fuente Garcia, S. (2024). Attachment-related anxiety and social anxiety: The mediating role of self-esteem. medRxiv, 2024-05. doi:10.XXXX/XXXX

Loew, C. A., Schauenburg, H., & Dinger, U. (2020). Self-criticism and psychotherapy outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 75, 101808.  doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101808

Luyten, P., & Blatt, S. J. (2011). Integrating theory-driven and empirically-derived models of personality development and psychopathology: A proposal for DSM V. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(1), 52-68.  doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.09.003[1

Mahdavi Rad, H., Zahedi Tajrishi, K., Ramezanifarani, A., & Asgharnejad Farid, A. (2023). The mediating role of shame and self-criticism in the relationship between attachment styles and severity of depressive symptoms. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 28(4), 492-507. doi:10.XXXX/XXXX

Mammadova, F. (2023). The relationship between social phobia and attachment styles in adolescents (Doctoral dissertation).

Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2010). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. Guilford Publications.

Mohammadi, A., & Roshan Chasli, R. (2021). Structural relationships of social anxiety symptoms with perfectionism in students: The mediating role of mindfulness. Clinical Psychology and Personality, 19(1), 109-119.  doi:10.22070/CPAP.2021.3301

Mosleh kholtapeh, N., & nazari, V. (2022). The effectiveness of play therapy on reducing separation anxiety disorder and isolation. Journal of Research in Psychopathology, (), -. doi: 10.22098/jrp.2022.10579.1085.

Mufassery, M. R., Asadnia, S., Arabi divrazmi, S., rahimi, F., Shahini, S., & Shahini, P. (2023). The comparison of illness anxiety disorder with panic disorder based on meta-diagnostic cognitive structures: Pain catastrophizing and anxiety sensitivity. Journal of Research in Psychopathology, 4(14), 29-36. doi: 10.22098/jrp.2023.13136.1183

Murphy, B., & Bates, G. W. (1997). Adult attachment style and vulnerability to depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 22(6), 835-844.  doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(96)00277-2[1

Ollendick, T. H., & Benoit, K. E. (2012). A parent–child interactional model of social anxiety disorder in youth. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 15(1), 81-91.  doi:10.1007/s10567-012-0112-4

Pietrabissa, G., Gullo, S., Aimé, A., Mellor, D., McCabe, M., Alcaraz-Ibánez, M., ... & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2020). Measuring perfectionism, impulsivity, self-esteem and social anxiety: Cross-national study in emerging adults from eight countries. Body Image, 35, 265-278.  doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.09.012

Pinto, A., Dargani, N., Wheaton, M. G., Cervoni, C., Rees, C. S., & Egan, S. J. (2017). Perfectionism in obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders: What should treating clinicians know? Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 12, 102-108.  doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.01.001

Rogier, G., Muzi, S., Morganti, W., & Pace, C. S. (2023). Self-criticism and attachment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 214, 112359. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2023.112359

Ruscio, A. M., Brown, T. A., Chiu, W. T., Sareen, J., Stein, M. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2008). Social fears and social phobia in the USA: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychological Medicine, 38(1), 15-28.  doi:10.1017/S0033291707001699

Sasagawa, S., & Essau, C. A. (2022). Relationship between social anxiety symptoms and behavioral impairment in adolescents: The moderating role of perfectionism and learning motivation. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 15(2), 79-96.  doi:10.30552/ejep.v15i2.1044

Selajgha, S., & Bakhshani, N. (2013). The effectiveness of the combination of group exposure therapy and stress coping skills training on the level of social anxiety of students. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 15(2(56)), 96-104.  doi:10.30486/JSRP.2013.108751

Shahar, B., Carlin, E. R., Engle, D. E., Hegde, J., Szepsenwol, O., & Arkowitz, H. (2012). A pilot investigation of emotion‐focused two‐chair dialogue intervention for self‐criticism. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19(6), 496-507.  doi:10.1002/cpp.762

Shooshtari, M. H., & Khanipour, H. (2014). Comparison of self-harm and suicide attempt in adolescents: a systematic review. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 20(1), 3-13.  doi:10.22037/ijpcp.v20i1.4755

Wang, H. (2023). Impact of attachment relationships on anxiety and depression. InSHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 180, p. 02028). EDP Sciences.  doi:10.1051/shsconf/202318002028

Weisman, O., Aderka, I. M., Marom, S., Hermesh, H., & Gilboa-Schechtman, E. (2011). Social rank and affiliation in social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(6-7), 399-405.  doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.03.010[1]

Zuroff, D. C., & Fitzpatrick, D. K. (1995). Depressive personality styles: Implications for adult attachment. Personality and Individual Differences, 18(2), 253-265.  doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)00136-G